英语词汇“stripped away”的意思、用法、释义、翻译、读音、例句、短语、词组-英汉翻译词典

单词	stripped away
释义	stripped away freq. 26 dict. 6 cmpt. 1 spoken 11 un.一块；剥去；一小块；剥去
随便看	candy centre candy-coat candy-coated candy-coateds candy-coating candy-coats candy-colored Candycon candy containing hashish or cannabis candy corn candy corns candy counter candy depositing Candy Doctor candy egg candy eggs candy-filled bag for school-beginners candy film candy flip candy flipped candy flippin' candyflipping candy flipping candy flips candy floss

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